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北安法院关于量刑规范化试行情况的总结/夏寒梅

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自2010年10月1日起,全省法院全面开展量刑规范化试行工作,我院刑事审判庭认真贯彻落实最高院、省高院、市中院的工作部署,确保我院刑事审判量刑规范化试行工作顺利开展,现将我院开展量刑规范化试行进展情况、取得的成效以及存在的问题做以总结汇报。
(一)、量刑规范化工作的落实和部署情况
院领导高度重视此项工作,安排主管院长、庭长主抓此项工作。在开展量刑规范化试行工作之前,庭长组织刑庭所有法官认真学习量刑规范化试行工作的重要意义,提出要把此项工作作为当前刑事审判工作的重中之重。此项工作刚刚在刑事审判中试行,开好局是关键。量刑规范化本身就对法官的审判工作提出了更为严格的要求,特别的是前期的工作,无经验可循,要摸索着前进。而且试行前期的判决,将会成为以后的审判工作的参照,所以要求刑事审判法官要高度重视,加强学习,多交流,多探讨,确保刑事审判量刑规范化工作顺利进行。
(二)、案件的受理和适用量刑规范化的情况
1、2010年10月1日起至2011年8月25日止十五类试行案件的审理情况:
(1)、各类试行案件收结数;2010年10月1日至12月30日共受理各类刑事案件7件8人,其中故意伤害案件1件1人、妨害公务案件1年1人、诈骗案件1件1人,敲诈勒索案件1件1人、盗窃案件 1件2人、贩卖毒品案件1件1人、盗伐林木案件1年1人。 上述案件中适用量刑规范化的案件6件7人,除了盗伐林木一案外其他都适用了量刑规范化。
2011年1月至8月25日共受理各类刑事案件32件36人,其中聚众斗殴案件2件4人、故意伤害案件7件7人、诈骗案件2件2人、贩卖毒品案件3件4人、运输毒品案件1件1人、盗窃案件5件5人、抢劫案件2件2人、强奸案件4件4人、寻衅滋事案件1件2人、交通肇事案件4件4人、职务侵占案件1件1人、脱逃案件1件1人、过失致人死亡案件1件1人、贷款诈骗案件1件1人、挪用资金案件1件1人、盗伐林木案件1件1人、合同诈骗案件1件2人、开设赌场案件1件1人、非法经营案件1件1人民、非法出具金融票证案件1件2人。上述受理的案件中,适用量刑规范化的案件的32件36人,其中聚众斗殴案件2件4人、故意伤害案件7件7人、诈骗案件2件2人、贩卖毒品案件3件4人、运输毒品案件1件1人、盗窃案件5件5人、抢劫案件2件2人、强奸案件4件4人、寻衅滋事案件1件2人、交通肇事案件4件4人、职务侵占案件1件1人;
(2)、2010年1月至8月25日,共受理各类刑事案件69件75人;
(3)、试行案件上诉案件数、附带民事案件调解结案数:从2011年10月1日起共上诉案件6起,其中3起试用了《量刑规范指导意见》;附带民事调解案件16件,调解达成协议的14件;
(4)、试行量刑指导意见的案件平均审限25天;
(5)、试行量刑指导意见后上诉案件3件,调解结案(附带民事调解达成协议案件)14件,平均审限与试行前基本等同;
(6)、同期非试行案件的上诉案件数3件,调解案件16件;
(7)、试行期间各个试行罪名的平均刑罚,与试行前同类案件刑罚情况相比,有个别案件量刑较轻,幅度在六个月之内。
三、实施量刑规范化工作取得的效果
《量刑指导意见》明确了量刑的步骤、方法以及各种法定、酌定量刑情节对基准刑的调节幅度,将量刑纳入庭审程序,增强了量刑结果的可预期性,增加了被告人退赃、退赔的积极性,使附带民事诉讼的调解工作更容易开展。同时,被告人可以发表量刑答辩,可以就具体刑期在法庭上发表意见,而不是笼统地说要求法庭从轻处罚,避免了“暗箱操作”的现象,可有效排除案外因素对量刑工作的干扰,保证了刑事审判活动的相对独立性,使得个案的量刑更加公开、公正,案情相同或相似的案件之间的量刑相对更加平衡,有助于树立司法权威和公信力。
四、开展量刑规范化工作中发现的问题
1、被告人由于受到自身文化素质不高、对法律规定和量刑规范化试行意见不熟悉等方面的限制,无法自己提出具体的量刑意见,即便审判人员向其交待了法定量刑范围,他还是说不出具体的意见,同时受经济条件所限,部分被告人无庭审辩护人,简易程序的案件公诉人不出庭的庭审辩论难以形成控辩的对抗局面。
2、轻微刑事案件的量刑不科学。我院受理的刑事案件以可能判处三年以下有期徒刑的简易程序审理的居多,适用量刑规范化过程中,从轻的情节,应当减少基准刑的条件要多,所以量出的刑罚照以前的量刑附度要大大降低。往往量出的刑罚为月计算,比如经常量出八个月、九个月、十个月等,改变了以往都以六个月或整年计算下判的方式,判决还经常出现一年一个月、一年两个月等情况,觉得是否太机械了。还有一些被告人拒不认罪,但因为量刑规范化程序中对此类情况没有增加刑罚,也仅能判处较低刑期,犯罪分子的气焰没有得到有效打击。
3、 同案犯在使用量刑规范化前后刑期应相同或相近。同案犯犯罪情节相同,但在实行量刑规范化之前有可能轻些,之后的有可能重。比如,在盗窃案件中,二被告人参与盗窃次数、数额相同,在使用量刑规范化前判处有期徒刑三年,同案犯使用量刑规范化被判处有期徒刑四年,这样的情况如果没有畸轻、畸重的情形量刑应当等同,所以认为在适用量刑规范化量刑时,也应对照之前同案犯的量刑。
4、酌情情节的认定和适用问题。《量刑指导意见》中规定了诸多酌定量刑情节,在操作过程中也遇到很多问题。例如:持械抢劫的,可以增加基准刑的20%以下。在实践过程中,遇到以下问题:A.共同犯罪中,部分被告人持械抢劫,是对持械者增加基准刑的20%以下,还是对全案被告人都增加基准刑的20%以下?B、持械聚众斗殴的也存在共同犯罪中有的持械有的没持械,是否对全案被告人都增加基准刑。C、聚众斗殴中致人重伤、死亡的,有轻伤的,对其中有的被告人要按重伤罪名处罚,有的按聚众斗殴罪名判处,一案中要出现两种罪名,多个被告人,如果出现聚众斗殴中有多个增加刑罚标准的如聚众斗殴每增加一次,可增加六个月至一年刑期,每增加轻微伤一人,可以增加三个月至六个月刑期,每增加轻伤一人,可以增加三个月至六个月刑期,这对罪名不变的聚众斗殴的被告人都能均等量刑,但是因为造成了重伤以上后果的同案被告人按重伤的罪名来评价刑罚,这些被告人就不能增加聚众斗殴中应增加的刑罚,这样是否合理。
5、财产刑的执行情况未纳入量刑规范工作范围考量。《量刑指导意见》中对于退赔及积极赔偿损失的情况制定了减少基准刑的从轻幅度,但对于积极缴纳罚金的情况却未予规定。作为被告人认罪及悔罪表现之一,财产刑的执行情况应纳入量刑规范内。
6、 判决文书的写法有必要改进,第一、简易程序的案件公诉机关的量刑建议和被告人的求刑意见没有落笔之处,第二、判决书中未体现量刑规范化的运用。尽管在审判过程中法官使用量刑规范化量刑,但在判决书中却未显示量刑规范的内容,诉讼参与人也不清楚如何使用量行规范。
四、具体做法:
1、 原则性与灵活性相结合原则。量刑规范化主要是解决量刑不平衡现象,但量刑平衡是相对的,是动态的,而不是绝对的平衡,量刑平衡主要体现在对同一案件,不同的法官做出的判决基本一致;对同样的案件,不同地区法院的判决差别不大。这样就必须保持量刑规范在使用中的原则性和灵活性相结合,我国面积广大,各地的经济发展不平衡,各地法院应当根据当地的情形作出适合自己的量刑幅度,使刑罚切合实际又能达到惩罚和教育的作用,而不是一味的按照量刑规范化机械的量刑,量刑规范化是一个规则,是给法官提供了一个量刑的思维方法和工作方法。而不是让法官将量刑绝对化、机械化。
2、 平衡量刑规范化使用前后同案犯的刑期。同案犯中因有的在使用量刑规范化前被判决,有的使用量刑规范化判决,避免同罪同情节出现刑期不平衡的现象,建议在量刑规范化中作出说明,应作出与同案犯刑期相对平衡的判决,已判决的同案犯刑罚畸轻畸重的除外,而不能单纯的使用量刑规范化,不考虑刑期是否平衡,对同案犯是否公正。
3、制作量刑规范化判决书。规范量刑规范化判决书的格式,对使用量刑规范化审理的案件,制作量刑规范化判决书,在判决书中写明公诉机关、被告人、辩护人的量刑建议,被告人的量刑情节和证据,法院是否采纳诉辩两方量刑建议,使判决书体现量刑规范化的特点,体现量刑的透明度和公信力。
五、工作中遇到的难点问题
1、刑法修正案八中新增加的六十七条第三款,此款是对投案自首外延扩大解释,在《量刑指导意见》中没有减少基准刑标准,另外此款条款就是投案自首情节的新增内容,在实践中也有引用此款的案例,而且今后还要有很多,因为很多嫌疑人到案后都能做到如实供述自己的罪行,在法律文书论述中可否写明系自首,我们认为应当视为自首,而检察机关的意见不应是自首。
2、对危险驾驶案件急需指导,法条规定构成危险驾驶罪的判处拘役,并处罚金,如按缓刑条件来衡量他也附合适用缓刑条件,能否适用缓刑。
3、对适用《量刑指导意见》的案件,要统一规范法律文书的写法。


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外国保险机构驻华代表机构管理办法(英文版)

中国保险监督管理委员会


外国保险机构驻华代表机构管理办法(英文版)


Rules on Administration of Representative Offices of Foreign Insurance Institutions

Chapter I General Provisions

Article 1
These rules are formulated in accordance with the Insurance Law of the People’s Republic of China, and for the purpose of strengthening the administration of representative offices of foreign insurance institutions (hereinafter referred to as “representative offices”), and meeting the needs of the opening up of China’s insurance market to the outside world.

Article 2
Foreign insurance institutions hereof referred to in these rules are those insurance companies, reinsurance companies, insurance intermediaries, insurance associations, and other insurance organizations incorporated outside the territory of the People’s Republic of China.
Representative offices hereof referred to in these rules are both representative offices and general representative offices established by foreign insurance institutions within Chinese territory for the purpose of conducting such non-operational activities as liaison service and market research etc.
Chief Representative hereof referred to in these rules is the principal responsible person of the representative office, and the general representative is the principal responsible person of the general representative office.

Article 3
Representative offices shall abide by Chinese laws and regulations and related regulations made by China Insurance Regulatory Commission (hereinafter referred to as “CIRC”) and their legitimate rights and interests are protected by Chinese laws.

Article 4
CIRC is authorized by law and the State Council to perform regulatory responsibilities over the representative offices.
Under the authorization scope of CIRC, the local branch offices of CIRC take general regulation of those representative offices that are located in their jurisdictions on behalf of CIRC.

Chapter Ⅱ Application and Establishment

Article 5
Foreign insurance institutions (hereinafter referred to as “the applicant”) applying to establish a representative office shall satisfy the following requirements:
(1) Good business performance;
(2) No record of any major violation of laws and regulations within three years prior to the application date;
(3) Other prudential requirements stipulated by CIRC.

Article 6
The formal application form for the establishment of representative office is provided by CIRC.

Article 7
The applicant shall submit the following documents:
(1) The formal application form;
(2) A letter of application addressed to the Chairman of CIRC and signed by its Chairman of the Board of Directors or General Manager of the concerned insurance institution;
(3) A photocopy of the business license or the certificate of authorization for insurance business, or the registry certificate issued by the relevant regulatory authorities of its home country or territory;
(4) Articles of association and the name list of the members of the Board of Directors, management personnel or principal partners;
(5) Annual reports of the last three years prior to the application;
(6) A letter of permit issued by the competent authority of its home country or territory allowing it to set up a representative office in China, or a letter of recommendation from the industrial association of which the applicant is a member, and both types of letters shall contain information about the penalty records of the applicant received within three years prior to the application;
(7) A power of attorney signed by the Chairman of the Board or General Manager for the chief representative designated;
(8) The resume of the designated chief representative and other relevant supporting documents;
(9) Other documents and materials required by CIRC.
The photocopy of the business license or the certificate of authorization for insurance business, or the registry certificate shall be subject to notarization certified by the applicant’s home country or territory or verification by the resident Embassy or Consulate of the People’s Republic of China in the applicant’s home country or territory.

Article 8
The applicant shall submit its application documents to CIRC. CIRC shall handle all the applications according to the following conditions:
(1) If the document has a mistake (mistakes) that can be corrected on the spot, the applicant shall be allowed to make the correction on the spot;
(2) If the document is incomplete or does not comply with regulatory formats, the applicant shall be informed on the spot or within five days of all the required corrections at one time. If the applicant is not informed of such information in this period, then it is assumed that the application is accepted for review on the day it is received by CIRC;
(3) If the document is complete and complies with regulatory formats, or after the applicant, upon request, has submitted additional documents and made necessary corrections, then the application shall be accepted for review.
Whether or not CIRC accepts the application for review, CIRC shall issue a written document with designated stamp and date indicated.

Article 9
Within 20 days from the date of receiving the application letter, CIRC shall make a decision on whether or not to approve. If the decision can not be made in the said 20 days, at the approval of the Chairman of CIRC, the said period can be extended 10 more days and the applicant shall be informed of reasons for the extension.
If CIRC decides to accept the application, it shall issue an approval document; in case of disapproval, CIRC shall state reasons in a written document.

Article 10
After a representative office receiving the official document of approval, it shall register with the State Administration of Industry and Commerce in line with relevant rules.
The representative office shall move into its official premises within three months from the date on which the approval document is issued; the approval document shall automatically become invalid if the said deadline is not observed.

Article 11
Any foreign insurance institution that has already established no less than two representative offices in China shall be allowed to apply to CIRC to appoint one of its representative offices as a general representative office.

Article 12
In applying to appoint the general representative office, foreign insurance institutions shall submit a letter of application addressed to the Chairman of CIRC and signed by its Chairman of the Board of Directors or General Manager of the concerned insurance institution.
The application for setting up a general representative office is subject to the same rules governing the application of a representative office.

Chapter Ⅲ Supervision and Administration

Article 13
The official title of the representative office shall be arranged in the following order: name of the foreign insurance institution + name of the city where the representative office is to be located + representative office; The official title of the representative office shall be arranged in the following order: name of the foreign insurance institution + general representative office in China.

Article 14
Except the principal responsible person, other major staff members shall be entitled “Representative” or “Deputy Representative”.

Article 15
Employees of representative office shall abide by Chinese laws and regulations, with high integrity and clean record.

Article 16
A general representative shall have a work experience above 8 years and hold a junior college degree or a higher academic degree; a chief representative shall have a work experience above 5 years, and hold a junior college degree or a higher academic degree.
Without a junior college degree, the general representative or chief representative shall have a work experience above 10 years in the insurance business.

Article 17
A maximum of three employees of foreign nationality are allowed in each representative office.

Article 18
A representative office and its employees shall not enter into any agreement or contract with any legal or natural persons, which might generate an income to the representative office or the foreign insurance institution it represents, and shall not be involved in business activities of any kind.

Article 19
A representative office shall have official premises, necessary office facilities and full-time staff.

Article 20
The General Representative or Chief Representative shall not work in two or more representative offices or any business institution in China.

Article 21
The General Representative or Chief Representative shall attend to the daily activities of the representative office on a permanent basis. If he or she consecutively stays away from the representative office for a period or more than one month, he or she shall delegate his or her responsibility as the General Representative or Chief Representative to a person specially appointed, and submit a written report to the local branch office of CIRC.

Article 22
A representative office shall submit two copies of its annual work report of the previous year before the end of each February to the CIRC’s local branch office, who shall then forward the report to CIRC’s head office.
The work report shall follow the format prescribed by CIRC.

Article 23
A representative office shall submit the annual report of the foreign insurance institution it represents to both CIRC and CIRC’s local branch office within six months after the end of each accounting year of the foreign insurance institution.

Article 24
If any following major event occurs in an insurance institution that has maintained a representative office in China, the representative office shall, within 10 days after the occurrence of the event, submit a written report to CIRC and copy the report to CIRC’s local branch office.
(1) A change in its articles of association, register capital, and registered business address;
(2) Division or merger or change of top management;
(3) Serious losses resulted in business operation;
(4) Penalties imposed for violations of laws and regulations;
(5) Major regulatory actions taken against it by the regulatory authorities of its home country or territory;
(6) Other matters which may seriously disrupt business operation of the foreign insurance institution.

Article 25
In case of changing a General Representative or Chief Representative, the representative office shall apply to CIRC, and submit the following documents:
(1) A letter of application addressed to the Chairman of CIRC, and signed by its Chairman of the Board of Directors or General Manager of the concerned insurance institution;
(2) Power of attorney of the proposed General Representative or chief representative signed by the Chairman of the Board of Directors or General Manager;
(3) Proof of personal identity certificates, certificate of academic degree and resume of the proposed General Representative or Chief Representative.

Article 26
If a foreign insurance institution intends to terminate its representative office’s operation, it shall submit a letter of application addressed to the Chairman of CIRC, and signed by its Chairman of the Board of Directors or General Manager of the concerned insurance institution.

Article 27
If a foreign insurance institution intends to change the name of its representative office, it shall submit a letter of application addressed to the Chairman of CIRC, and signed by its Chairman of the Board of Directors or General Manager of the concerned insurance institution, together with other relevant proving documents about the renaming.

Article 28
Under the situation stipulated in Article 25, Article 26, and Article 27, CIRC shall make a decision on whether to approve or disapprove of the application within 20 days from the date of receiving a complete set of application documents.
If a decision of approval is made, it shall issue an approval document; if a decision of disapproval is made, it shall notify the applicant in writing and give the reasons.

Article 29
A representative office can change its office location within the same administrative area it resides only.
The concerned representative office shall submit CIRC’s local branch office of its new office address, telephone and fax numbers within 5 days from the date of changing.

Article 30
In case of changing, increasing or reducing the number of Representatives, Deputy Representatives, or foreign employees, the concerned representative office shall report to CIRC’s local branch office within 5 days from the date of changing, and submit the proof of personal identity certificates, certificate of academic degree and resume of the nominated personnel.

Article 31
When a representative office is approved to be changed to a general representative office, the original representative office is cancelled automatically. The general representative office shall apply to the State Administration of the Industry and Commerce for cancellation of the registration of the representative office within one month from the date of CIRC’s approval within one month from the date of CIRC’s approval.

Article 32
If a general representative office is the only representative office in China after the insurance institution it represents withdraws all other representative offices, the general representative office shall be changed into a representative office.
The general representative office shall apply to CIRC by submitting an application letter regarding such change signed by the Chairman of the Board of Directors or General Manager of the concerned foreign insurance institution. Within 20 days from the date of receiving the application letter, CIRC shall make a decision on whether or not to approve. If CIRC decides to accept the application, it shall issue an approval document; in case of disapproval, CIRC shall state reasons in a written document.
When a general representative office is approved to be changed to a representative office, the original general representative office is cancelled automatically. The representative office shall apply to the State Administration of the Industry and Commerce for cancellation of its registration within one month from the date of CIRC’s approval.

Article 33
After a representative office of the foreign insurance institution is terminated by the CIRC, all the issues left unsettled shall be taken over and handled by its general representative office in China; if there is no such a general representative office, responsibilities on all issues left unsettled shall be taken over and handled by the foreign insurance institution’s other representative offices in China; if there is no any other representative office in China, responsibilities on all issues left unsettled shall be borne by the foreign insurance institution itself.

Article 34
CIRC and its local branch offices conduct general supervision and annual inspection over the representative offices of foreign institutions in regard to the following issues:
(1) The completeness of the procedures for the changes made by the representative office;
(2) The truthfulness of the documents and materials submitted to CIRC;
(3) The completeness of the procedures for the appointments or changes of staff members of representative offices;
(4) Whether or not representative offices are conducting business activities;
(5) Other items required by CIRC and its local branch offices.

Chapter Ⅳ Legal Liability

Article 35
Any representative office established without approval, in violation of certain provisions of these Rules, shall be banned by CIRC in accordance with law.

Article 36
If a representative office is engaged in financial business activities in violation of these Rules, it shall be punished by CIRC in line with relevant laws and regulations. If a representative office is engaged in profit-seeking operational activities other than insurance business, it shall be imposed a disciplinary warning or a fine below RMB 300,000 yuan.

Article 37
If a representative office fails to submit relevant reports or documents as stipulated in Article 22, 23, 24 of these Rules to CIRC, it shall be imposed a warning and ordered to make correction by CIRC’s local branch office.

Article 38
Employees of a representative office being with direct responsibility for activities violating these Rules shall be imposed by CIRC with a disciplinary warning and /or a fine below RMB 5000 yuan, according to the seriousness of the cases.

Article 39
CIRC may issue a disciplinary warning to a representative office involved in providing false information or concealing important facts.

Article 40
CIRC may order the representative offices, found in violation of other provisions stipulated in these Rules, to make corrections; those who do not make corrections within a prescribed time period shall be issued a disciplinary warning.

Chapter Ⅴ Supplementary Provisions

Article 41
These Rules shall, mutatis mutandis, apply to the representative offices established in the mainland by insurance institutions from the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, the Macao Special Administrative Region, and Taiwan region.

Article 42
These Rules shall, mutatis mutandis, apply to the resident offices of foreign insurance institutions approved to establish in China by CIRC.

Article 43
The terms “above”, “below” and “within” used to indicate a threshold number shall include the number itself.

Article 44
The approval and reporting periods prescribed in these Rules concerning licensing and reporting periods refer to working days, which exclude weekends and public holidays.

Article 45
CIRC shall be responsible for the interpretation of these Rules.

Article 46
These Rules shall be effective as of March 1, 2004, and the Rules on Administration of Representative Offices of Foreign Insurance Institutions, issued by CIRC on November 26, 1999 shall be repealed simultaneously.




国家邮政局关于印发《快递业务操作指导规范》的通知

国家邮政局


国家邮政局关于印发《快递业务操作指导规范》的通知


  为全面贯彻实施《中华人民共和国邮政法》,提升快递服务水平,国家邮政局制定了《快递业务操作指导规范》(以下简称《规范》)。针对快递业务全过程作业的重要环节和关键质量控制点,规定了规范操作的基本要求,旨在指导快递企业科学组织生产管理,解决因快递作业不规范引发的服务质量问题。现将《规范》印发给你们。请各省(区、市)邮政管理局及时通知并指导企业遵照执行。



快递业务操作指导规范

第一章 总 则
第一条 为规范快递业务操作,指导企业提供“迅速、准确、安全、方便”的快递服务,保护用户合法权益,依据《中华人民共和国邮政法》和国家有关法律法规,制定本指导规范。
第二条 本指导规范适用于在中华人民共和国境内提供快递服务的企业(以下简称快递企业)。
第三条 快递企业应当加大投入,改善基础设施,逐步配备满足自动化、信息化处理需求的设施设备,提高业务操作的现代化水平。
第四条 快递企业应当建立健全各项业务操作制度,加强培训,强化考核,杜绝不规范操作。
第五条 快递企业应当科学合理地组织生产作业,不断优化运行流程,加强对全网运行的指挥调度和监督检查,满足《快递服务》标准中对快件全程时限的要求。
第六条 快递企业应当建立完备的安全保障机制,保障寄递渠道畅通。确保快件寄递安全、用户的信息安全,企业生产安全和从业人员安全。
第七条 快递企业应当按照《国家邮政业突发事件应急预案》,建立健全操作过程中应对突发事件的工作机制,预防减少突发事件造成的损害。
第八条 快递企业在经营许可期内不得擅自停止经营快递业务。停止经营快递业务的(包括关闭网络、停开网络班车、停止收寄或停止投递等情况,导致全网不能畅通运行),应当向当地邮政管理部门书面报告,交回快递业务经营许可证,并按国务院邮政管理部门的规定妥善处理尚未投递的快件。

第二章 收寄
第九条 快递企业应当提供电话、互联网等多种方式接收寄件人的寄件要求。接单时,客服人员应当记录寄件人姓名、取件地址、联系方式、快递种类、快件品名、快件寄达地等相关信息,并和寄件人约定取件时间。
快递企业在接单后,宜在2小时内取件;取件后,宜在3小时内将快件送交快递营业场所。
上门收寄时,要保证已收取快件的安全,严禁将已收取快件单独放置在无人保管的地方。
第十条 快递企业如提供营业场所收寄,则营业场所设施设备应当满足附录一的要求。
第十一条 快递企业应当建立并执行快件收寄验视制度。对寄件人交寄的信件,必要时快递企业可要求寄件人开拆,进行验视,但不得检查信件内容。寄件人拒绝开拆的,快递企业不予收寄。
对信件以外的快件,快递企业收寄时应当场验视内件,检查是否属于国家禁止或限制寄递的物品。寄件人拒绝验视的,不予收寄。
快递企业在收寄相关物品时,依照国家规定需要寄件人出具书面证明的,应当要求寄件人出示证明原件,核对无误后,方可收寄。经验视,快递企业仍不能确定安全性的存疑物品,应当要求寄件人出具身份证明及相关部门的物品安全证明,核对无误后,方可收寄。收寄已出具相关证明的物品时,应当以纸质或电子文档形式如实记录收寄物品的名称、规格、数量、收寄时间、寄件人和收件人名址等信息,记录保存期限应当不少于1年。
验视时,如发现法律、法规规定禁寄物品,快递企业应当拒收并向寄件人说明原因。如发现各种反动报刊、书籍、淫秽物品、毒品及其他危险品,应当及时通知国家有关部门处理,并及时报告当地邮政管理部门;发现限寄物品,应当告知寄件人处理方法。
第十二条 快件封装时,应当使用符合国家标准和行业标准的快递封装用品。封装时应当充分考虑安全因素,防止快件变形、破裂、损坏、变质;防止快件伤害用户、快递业务员或其他人;防止快件污染或损毁其它快件。
快件封装时,单件重量应当不超过50千克,最大任何一边的长度不超过150厘米,长、宽、高三边长度之和不超过300厘米。
信件封装应当使用专用封套,不得打包后作为包裹寄递。包裹封装应当综合考虑寄递物品的性质、状态、体积、重量、路程和运输方式等因素,选用适当的材料妥为包装。印刷品应当平直封装,不得卷寄。
第十三条 快递企业应当使用符合国家、行业标准的秤、卷尺等计量用具,确定正确的计费重量,并根据计费重量、服务种类等确定服务费用。快递企业应当在提供服务前告知寄件人收费依据、标准或服务费用。
第十四条 寄件人填写快递运单前,快递企业应当提醒寄件人阅读快递业务合同条款。快递企业应当提示寄件人如实填写快递运单,包括寄件人、收件人名址、电话等联系方式和寄递物品的名称、类别、数量等,并核对有关信息填写完整后,准确标注快件的重量。
国务院邮政管理部门规定寄件人出具身份证明(证件)的,快递企业应当要求寄件人出示有效身份证件。寄件人拒不如实填写快递运单、拒不按照规定出示有效身份证件的,快递企业不予收寄。
寄件人应当按照相关要求填写快递运单,以确保字迹清楚、工整,运单各联字迹都应能清晰辨认;内件品名、种类、数量等信息填写准确;寄件人姓名、地址、联系方式,收件人姓名、地址、联系方式等内容填写完整;在确认阅读合同条款处签字。快递运单填写完成后,应当牢固粘贴在快件外包装上,保持快递运单完整性。

第三章 分 拣
第十五条 快递企业的快件处理场所及其设施设备应当满足附录二的要求。
快递企业应当加强对分拣场地的管理,严格执行通信保密规定,制定管理细则,严禁无关人员进出场地,实行封闭式作业,禁止从业人员私拆、隐匿、毁弃、窃取快件,确保快件的安全。
对快件的分拣作业应当在视频监控之下进行。
第十六条 快递企业在分拣前,应当对分拣场地和分拣设备进行检查,确保分拣场地整洁,无灰尘、无油污、不潮湿;分拣设施设备工作正常。
第十七条 快递企业应当根据车辆到达的先后顺序、快件参加中转的紧急程度,安排到达车辆的卸载次序;卸载完成后,应检查车厢各角落,确保无快件遗漏在车厢内。
第十八条 快递企业在分拣前,应当对快件总包进行开拆,开拆前应当检查总包封条是否牢固,袋身有无破损,开拆后应当核对总包内快件数量是否与总包袋牌或内附清单标注的数量一致。
对每一件快件,应当检查外包装是否完整,快递运单有无缺失,并确认是否属于发件范围。
第十九条 快递企业使用皮带机进行快件的分拣传送时,应当确保皮带机匀速流转,快件摆放均匀,防止快件滑落。
第二十条 快递企业由人工进行快件分拣传送时,如需进行较远距离搬运,应当将快件装入货物搬运设备(如手推车)进行搬运,不得对快件进行猛拉、拖拽、抛扔等破坏性动作。
第二十一条 分拣时,应当按收件地址、快件种类、服务时限要求等进行分拣,对于当日进入分拣场所的快件,应在当日分拣完毕。
5千克以下的快件,放入分拣用托盘,确保小件不落地,并应当建立总包进行中转;5千克以上的快件,码放到指定的位置,码放遵循大不压小、重不压轻、易碎件单独摆放的原则。快件分拣脱手时,离摆放快件的接触面之间的距离不应超过30厘米,易碎件不应超过10厘米。
第二十二条 分拣过程中发现问题快件,应当及时做好记录并妥善处理;对破损快件应当在确认重量与快递运单书写信息无误后进行加固处理。
发现禁寄物品,应当立即停止寄递,对各种反动报刊、书籍、淫秽物品、毒品及其他危险品,应当及时通知国家有关部门处理,并及时报告当地邮政管理部门。
第二十三条 5千克以下的快件,宜建立总包进行装车,总包应牢固加封;5千克以上的快件可单独装车,码放遵循大不压小、重不压轻、易碎件单独摆放的原则。
若一辆车有2个以上(包括2个)卸载点,用物流隔离网将不同卸货点的快件隔离,并固定隔离网的位置,防止车辆中途颠簸导致快件混散。
快件全部装车完毕后,应当对车辆进行封车,对分拣现场进行清理,防止快件遗落。
第四章 运输
第二十四条 快件运输应当符合国家有关部门对运输管理的规定,严格遵守相关法律法规和规章。
快递企业应当对快件运输进行统一规划和调度,制定科学的路由,并严格执行,确保快件快速运输,防止积压和滞留。
第二十五条 在快件运输的装载和卸载环节,应对快件轻拿轻放,不得对快件进行猛拉、拖拽、抛扔等破坏性动作,确保快件不受损坏。要核对快件数量,如发现异常快件,及时记录,并注明处理情况。
第二十六条 所有干线运输车辆宜实行双人派押,宜安装全球定位系统终端。对运输车辆要进行日常维护和定期保养,在车辆出发前,应当进行必要的车辆安全检查,保证车况良好。
公路运输途中,如车辆发生故障,运输人员不得擅自离开现场和打开后车厢门。故障车辆装载的快件应当由快递企业及时妥善处理。
如租用社会车辆进行运输,快递企业应与承运单位签署安全保障服务合同,并对车辆加装必要的监控设备。
第二十七条 所有航空快件在交付运输前,应当进行X光机检查。在航空快件的交运和提件时,应当认真核对快件数量和重量,保存好相关交接单据。
第五章 投递
第二十八条 快递企业应当对快件提供至少2次免费投递。
每日15时以前到达投递网点的快件,宜在当日完成首次投递;每日15时以后到达投递网点的快件,宜在次日12时以前完成首次投递。
第二十九条 收派员应当根据自己的服务区域,按照最佳投递路线将快件按序整理装车,每次投递快件不宜超过10件。用摩托车或单车进行投递的,用捆绑带将快件固定,小件装入背包内。
投递前,收派员应当电话联系收件人,确认客户地址并且预约投递时间。
投递过程中,妥善放置其它未投递的快件,严禁委托他人投递和保管快件。
第三十条 收派员将快件交给收件人时,应当告知收件人当面验收快件。快件外包装完好,由收件人签字确认。如果外包装出现明显破损等异常情况的,收派员应当告知收件人先验收内件再签收;快递企业与寄件人另有约定的除外。
对于网络购物、代收货款以及与客户有特殊约定的其他快件,快递企业应当按照国家有关规定,与寄件人(商家)签订合同,明确快递企业与寄件人(商家)在快件投递时验收环节的权利义务关系,并提供符合合同要求的验收服务;寄件人(商家)应当将验收的具体程序等要求以适当的方式告知收件人,快递企业在投递时也可予以提示;验收无异议后,由收件人签字确认。 国家主管部门对快件验收另有规定的,从其规定。
第三十一条 收件人本人无法签收时,经收件人(寄件人)委托,可由其委托的代收人签收。代收时,收派员应当核实代收人身份,并告知代收人代收责任。
第三十二条 在验收过程中,若发现快件损坏等异常情况,收派员应当在快递运单上注明情况,并由收件人(代收人)和收派员共同签字;收件人(代收人)拒绝签字的,收派员应当予以注明。若联系不到收件人,或收件人拒收快件,快递企业应当在彻底延误时限到达之前联系寄件人,协商处理办法和有关费用。
第三十三条 快递企业应当及时登记无法投递又无法退回的快件,并按邮政管理部门相关规定进行处理。
第六章 信息记录
第三十四条 快递企业应当加强快件寄递过程中业务信息的规范管理,使用计算机应用系统,对各生产环节、场地部位的快件处理进行信息记录。要及时完整地采集信息,满足信息存储和查询的需要。
第三十五条 快递企业应当对以下快件寄递信息进行记录,包括:收寄、进入出口分拣处理场所、封发、离开出口分拣处理场所、运输、到达进口分拣处理场所、分拣、离开进口分拣处理场所、到达投递网点、初次投递、用户签收等的时间和相关情况。
第三十六条 快递企业应当提供覆盖服务范围的快件即时查询服务,快件查询信息保持动态更新。相关信息记录的电子档案保存期限不应少于2年。
第六章 附 则
第三十七条 本指导规范由国家邮政局解释说明。
本指导规范自发布之日起实施。

附录一 快递营业场所设施设备要求

快递企业宜具有固定的、易识别的营业场所,如搬迁或停业应通过各种渠道和有效方式告知用户,并及时上报邮政管理部门。
快递营业场所应满足以下要求:
——有企业标识,并配备必要的服务设施;
——有符合相关规定的消防设施;
——有符合相关规定的视频监控设备,做到工作区域全覆盖;
——提供各种业务单据和填写样本。
——在显著位置悬挂证明快递企业取得合法经营快递业务资格的《快递业务经营许可证》、《工商营业执照》;
——在显著位置粘贴《禁寄物品指导目录》;
——悬挂场所名称牌和营业时间牌,标牌保持干净、整洁;
——在显著位置公布:服务种类;服务范围;资费标准;服务承诺;服务电话、电子邮箱和企业网址;监督投诉电话或者电子邮箱。


附录:快件处理场所设施设备要求

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